Action and Reaction

Physicist Danysha Miller
Group Members:
Physicist Terrell Merrill
Physicist Victoria Brown
4-6-08
11-2

http://collegebounddanysha.blogspot.com/

Objective: To identify if there will be an equal opposite reaction when you use the rod as a sling shot.

Hypothesis: I think that the steel rod might fly at a fast speed which directs to some where. The cart might push back giving it a reaction from the steel rod.

Materials:
steel Rod
Hall’s Cart
paper clip
rubber band

Procedure:
1.)Find an open area on smooth floor or smooth surface as in table.
2.)Attach one end of the rubber band to the hole in the front of the cart with a piece of string or a paper clip. Hook one end of the steel rod into the other end of the cart.
3.)Pull the steel rod back in the slingshot until there is good tension on the rubber band. Then hold the cart and rod in place with one hand.
4.)Release both the cart and rod at the same time as you let go. Repeat several times, stretching the rubber band the same amount each time.


Trial 1: The cart stayed still, the steel rod went flying.
Trial 2: No Motion
Trial 3: The cart moved backwards and the steel rod moved in a forward direction.
Trial 4: No motion with the cart, but the steel rod moved forward (flying).
Trial 5: Cart moved forward direction, and the steel rod moved backwards.
Trial 6: Cart moved backwards, and steel rod moved faster than trial 1, 3 and 4.
Trial 7: Steel rod moved forward (fast) and rolled off the table.
The cart moved in the same direction as the rod but not onto the floor.

Equation:
F= m∙a

Graphs/ Pictures:






Conclusion: My hypothesis was correct, because the steel rod was flying away from the Hall’s Cart. Sometimes the cart moved but not with the same speed with the steel rod. The direction that the steel rod moved was forward. Sometimes the cart went backwards or forwards on the table. Plus, the slingshot follows Newton’s 3rd Law.

Force and Mass

Physicist Danysha Miller
Group Members:
Physicist Terrell Merrill
Physicist Victoria Brown
4-6-08
11-2


Objective: The objective of this eperi9ment was to test Newton's Second Law again. But this time we needed to figure out if it takes more force to accelerate an ojbect with greater mass.

Hypothesis: I think that it will require more force with a 200g mass to accelerate the Halls's cart.

Materials:
steel rod
piece of string [1m long]
paper clip
Hall's cart
200g mass
washers


Procedure:
1. Tape the steel rod to the edge of a table so that it is directly over the edge. This will act to feduce friction in the experiment.
2.Cut a piece of string 1 meter long. Attach one end of the string to the Hall's cart using a paper clip.
3. Open up a paper clip to form a loop on one end and hook on the other. Tie the loop end of the paper clip to the free end of the string.
4. Put the cart on the table about 3/4 of a meter from the rod and hang the end of the paper clip over the rod. Put the 200g mass in the cart.
5. Add the washers to the paper clip hook one at a time until the cart begins to move. Carefully observe the speed of the cart as it moves along the table. Repeat 4-5 times and record the number of washers used each time.
6. Repeat step 5, but this time double the force by doubling the number. Observe the speed and acceleration of the cart carefully. Repeat several times. Record your results.
7. Repeat step 7, but this time triple the number of washers used in step 5. Observe the speed and acceleration of the cart carefully. Repeat several times. Record your results.


Data:
-SINGLE [100g mass]
Washer[s] 1- No Motion
Washer[s] 2- No Motion
Washer[s] 3- No Motion
Washer[s] 4- No Motion
Washer[s] 5- Moved at a constant speed to the floor.

----SINGLE [200g mass]
Washer[s] 1- No Motion.
Washer[s] 2- No Motion.
Washer[s] 3- Moved A Little.
Washer[s] 4- Moved A Little.
Washer[s] 5- No Motion.
Washer[s] 6- Moved at a constant pace to the floor.

-DOUBLE [100g mass]
Washer[s] 2- No Motion
Washer[s] 4- No Motion
Washer[s] 6- Moved at a slow motion.

----DOUBLE [200g mass]
Washer[s] 2- No Motion.
Washer[s] 4- No Motion.
Washer[s] 6- No Motion.
Washer[s] 8- Moved at a fast pace to the floor.

-TRIPLED [100g mass]
Washer[s] 3- Moved very slowly.
Washer[s] 6- Moved at an constant speed.
Washer[s] 9- Moved very quickly.


----TRIPLED [200g mass]
Washer[s] 3- Moved a little.
Washer[s] 6- Moved at a constant pace to the floor.

Graphs/ Pictures:





Equations:
-f=ma
-1 meter= 39.4 in.


Conclusion: In conclusion my hypothesis was correct. The cart with the 100g mass took less force to accelerate and the cart with the 200g mass weight took more force.

Force And Acceleration

Physicist Danysha Miller
Group Members:
Physicist Terrell Merrill
Physicist Victoria Brown
4-25-08
11-2


Objective: The objective of theis experiment was to test Newton's Second Law. It was also to find out if increasing the force on an object increase the accelerstion of the object.

Hypothesis: I think that as we add the washers to the paperclip hook the Hall's cart will slow down.

Materials:
steel rod
piece of string [1m long]
paper clip
Hall's cart
100g mass
washers


Procedure:
1. Tape the steel rod to the edge of a table so that it is directly over the edge. This will act to feduce friction in the experiment.
2.Cut a piece of string 1 meter long. Attach one end of the string to the Hall's cart using a paper clip.
3. Open up a paper clip to form a loop on one end and hook on the other. Tie the loop end of the paper clip to the free end of the string.
4. Put the cart on the table about 3/4 of a meter from the rod and hang the end of the paper clip over the rod. Put the 100g mass in the cart.
5. Add thw washers to the paper clip hook one at a time until the cart begins to move. Carefully observe the speed of the cart as it moves along the table. Repeat 4-5 times and record the number of washers used each time.
6. Repeat step 5, but this time double the force by doubling the number. Observe the speed and acceleration of the cart carefully. Repeat several times. Record your results.
7. Repeat step 7, but this time triple the number of washers used in step 5. Observe the speed and acceleration of the cart carefully. Repeat several times. Record your results.


Data:
-SINGLE
Washer[s] 1- No Motion
Washer[s] 2- No Motion
Washer[s] 3- No Motion
Washer[s] 4- No Motion
Washer[s] 5- Moved at a constant speed to the floor.

-DOUBLE
Washer[s] 2- No Motion
Washer[s] 4- No Motion
Washer[s] 6- Moved at a slow motion.

-TRIPLED
Washer[s] 3- Moved very slowly.
Washer[s] 6- Moved at an constant speed.
Washer[s] 9- Moved very quickly.



Graphs/ Pictures:







Equations:
-f=ma
-1 meter= 39.4 in.
Conclusion: It takes more force to accelerate the cart quickly. In that case my hypothesis was incorrect. AAAWWWW!!! As I added the paper clips the cart moved faster. This experiment does regard Newton's Second Law.

Force to Change Speed or Direction of a Moving Object

Physicist Danysha Miller
Group Members:
Physicist Terrell Merrill
Physicist Victoria Brown
4-17-08
11-2


Objective: The objective of this experiment has to do with the force required to change the speed or direction of a moving object. It also was see if it takes more force to change the speed or direction of a moving object than it does to maintain the initial speed of the object.

Hypothesis: I think the same force required to accelerate an object is the same to change the direction of an object.

Materials:
8" string
Hall’s cart
200g mass
string scale

Procedure:
1. Cut a piece of string about 8" long.
2. Tie one end to the front of the Hall’s cart and tie a loop in the free end.
3. Put the 200g mass in the Hall’s cart.
4. Zero the spring scale and attach the hook on the spring scale to the string loop on the cart.
5. Start moving at a slow speed by pulling on the string scale.
6. Then quickly pull harder to accelerate the speed of the cart. Repeat this five times and record the maximum force reading on the spring scale each time.
7. Experiment with changing the direction of the cart. Start the cart rolling slowly by pulling on the spring scale and then pull the scale in a wide are to change the direction of the cart. Try this five times changing direction as quickly as you can without tipping the cart over. Record the maximum force to change direction each time.

Data:
Straight...
Trial 1: 1 N 100g
Trial 2: 1 N 100g
Trial 3: 0.5 N 50g
Trial 4: 1.3 N 130g
Trial 5: 1.5 N 150g

Changing Direction...
Trial 1: 0.5 N 50g
Trial 2: 1.6 N 160g

Trial 3: 1 N 100g
Trial 4: 1.4 N 140g
Trial 5: 1.3 N 130g

Graphs/ Pictures:







Conclusion: In conclusion my hypothesis was kind or correct. My readings of the spring scale were not constant when the Hall’s cart was pulled straight or when it was changing its direction. In both areas they had at least two of the same forces but in different trials. I learned in this experiment that it takes almost the same to change the direction and to increase the speed.

Objects In Motion Remain In Motion

Physicist Danysha Miller
Group Members:
Physicist Terrell Merrill
Physicist Victoria Brown
4-17-08
11-2


Objective: The objective of this project was test to Newton’s first law with respect to objects on motion. It was also to see if objects in motion really continue in motion unless acted by an external force.

Hypothesis: I think that the 100g mass will fall off of the Hall’s cart.

Materials:
wooden ramp
tape
cardboard
Hall’s cart
100g mass

Procedure:
1. Place wooden ramp on the floor.
2. Tape a piece of cardboard over the hole in the Hall’s cart.
3. Put the 100g mass on top of the cardboard as illustrated.
4. Gently push the cart so that it collides with the edge of the ramp. [make sure you push the cat gently enough so that the mass does not move until the cart hits the ramp]
5. Repeat steps 1-4 four times.

Data:
Trial 1- The 100g mass moved forward
Trial 2- The 100g mass fell off backwards
Trail 3- The 100g mass moved forward
Trial 4- The 100g mass fell off forward

Graphs/Pictures:








Conclusion: As a result my hypothesis was correct. Even though every time I did steps 1-4 I had a different reaction. On trails two and four the 100g mass fell off. At least from this experiment we know that the cart is acted upon external force of the ramp because of how the 100g mass reacted to it. This experiment did not follow Newtons first law. When the cart was acted upon by the wooden ramp, it stopped.

Force to Move Objects from Rest

Physicist Danysha Miller
Group Members:
Physicist Terrell Merrill
Physicist Victoria Brown
4-11-07
11-2

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine how the force is required to start moving a stationary object compared to the force to keep an object moving.

Hypothesis: I think that the cart will require more force from rest than from moving.

Materials:
8" long string
Hall's cart
200 gram mass
Spring Scale

Procedure:
1. Cut a piece of string about 8" long.
2. Tie one end to the front of the Hall's cart and tie a loop in the free end.
3. Put the 200 gram mass in the Hall's cart.
4. Push the cart back and forth on the table.
5. Zero the spring scale and attach the hook on the spring scale to the spring loop on the cart.
6. Tug on the spring scale several times to start the cart moving from rest. Record the readings.
7. Now, jerk on the spring scale several times to rapidly start the cart moving rest. Record the readings.
8. Finally, pull the cart across a table or floor at a constant speed several times. Record the readings.
9. Repeat steps 1-7 four times.

Data:
TUG...
Trial 1= 0.1 N, 10g
Trial 2= 0.2 N, 20g
Trial 3= 0.3 N, 30g
Trial 4= 0.3 N, 30g

JERK...
Trial 1: 2.2N, 220g
Trial 2: 1.5N, 150g
Trial 3: 1.3N, 130g
Trial 4: 1.3N, 130g

CONSTANT...
Trial 1: 0.3N, 30g
Trial 2: 0.3N, 30g
Trial 3: 0.3N, 30g
Trial 4: 0.3N, 30g

Graphs/Pictures:






Conclusion: In conclusion starting an object at rest takes more force. Is also takes more force to start an object moving. So my hypothesis was correct. I also do noy think that this follows Newton's first law of motion.

Objects at Rest Remain at Rest

Physicist Danysha Miller
Group Members:
Physicist Terrell Merrill
Physicist Victoria Brown
4-11-07
11-2

Objective: The objective of this experiment is to find out if objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by external forces.

Hypothesis: I think that if we pull the ramp out from underneath the cart, the cart will slide backwards.

Materials:
1 wooden cart
12" ruler
Halls Cart

Procedure:
1. Set the wooden ramp on a table with about 12" of the ramp extending over the edge of the tables.
2. Place the Hall's cart pm, the art of the ramp that is over the table.
3. Standing to one side, quickly jerk the ramp out from underneath the Hall's cart. Record the readings.
4. Repeat steps 1-7 four times.

Data:
Trial 1= The Hall's cart fell back just a little.
Trial 2= The Hall's cart stayed in the same position.
Trial 3= The Hall's cart moved a little when jerked.
Trial 4= The Hall's cart moved forward.

Graphs/ Pictures






Conclusion: In conclusion when the cart was removed the four different times, they each had a different reaction. So on that note my hypothesis was correct, the first trial the Hall's cart moved backwards. As a result this experiment does not follows Newton's first law for body at rest.